MS Office Question & Answer

 

Computer Fundamentals (CF)

Class#01 (Concept of IT)

 

 

1.     What is Secondary Memory and write some examples?

 Answer: Secondary Memory refers to the external storage device which can be used to store data or information permanently. Hard Disk, CD, DVD, USB Drive, Memory Card are some examples of secondary memory in computers.

 

2.     What is the full form CD & DVD?

 Answer: CD stands for Compact Disc. DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc.

 

3.     What is the storage capacity of a CD & DVD?

 Answer: A CD can store 650 MB of data. A DVD can store over 4 GB of data.

 

4.     Write down some output device name.

Answer: Projection devices, Speakers and headphones, Speech synthesizers, Printers.

 

5.     Describe about Speech synthesizers.

Answer: Speech synthesizers is a recent development which has ability not only to display text on a monitor but also to read the text to user. Thus, a user could receive a text email from a colleague and the system could read that email to user. 

 

6.     Describe about Projection devices.

Answer: These are projection devices which can be attached to a computer and are useful for displaying presentations to a group of people. They are best used in combination with presentation programs, such as Microsoft PowerPoint. They are used within education and are also very popular for sales presentations.

 

7.     What is mobile phone? or cell phone? 

Answer: The Mobile phone is a portable electronic device that used for generally mobile communication, SMS for text messaging, email accessing and radio hearing etc.

 

8.     What is Smart phone? 

Answer: A smart phone is a portable device that combines mobile telephone and computing functions in one unit 

 

9.     What are the differences between mobile phone and smart phone? 

Answer: Mobile phone offer texting and calling functionality whereas Smart phone offer a list of features including email, Internet access, video chatting, gaming, app downloading, video talking music storage etc.

 

10.     System unit is the part of what?

Answer: Hardware

 

11. When the PC industry began?

Answer: 1977

 

12. What are the first off, the shelf computer as a consumer product?

Answer: Apple, Radio Shack, Commodore.

 

13. When IBM introduced their IBM PC?

Answer: 1981

 

1     What is hardware?

Answer: In general, Hardware are the things of a computer that can physically be touched. Actually, the term hardware refers to the physical components of a computer such as the system unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.

 

1    How many bits are there in a byte?

 Answer: 8 bits

 

1    Which of the unit represents the largest amount of data?

Answer: Terabyte

 

1    Name some of the storage media?

Answer: CD, DVD, USB flash drive etc.

 

1    What is the main working memory used in the computer?

Answer: RAM

 

1    What does RAM stand for?

Answer: Random Access Memory

 

        Where is RAM located?

Answer: In mother board

 

2    What is the main task of input device?

Answer: Input device allow us to input information or command to the computer and include things such as keyboard or mouse.

 

        Write down some input device name

Answer: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanners, Tracker Ball, Touch Pad, Joysticks, Webcams, Microphones- These all are input device.

 

2    What is the full meaning of OCR?

Answer: Optical Character Recognition

 

2     What is the main task of OCR?

Answer: OCR is a specialist programs which are specifically designed for converting printed text into editable text within your application.

 

2        What is Software?

Answer: Software is The Collection of Instructions Which Makes the Computer Work.

 

         What is an Operating System?

Answer: The Operating System is a Special Type of Program Which Load Automatically when you start your computer.

 

        Write down the examples of application software.

Answer: Examples of application software are given below:

a)    Database

b)    Word Processing

c)    Spreadsheets

d)    Presentation

e)    Emailing

f)     Web Browsing

g)    Photo Editing

h)    Computer Games

 

2    What is mobile phone? or cell phone? 

Answer: The Mobile phone is a portable electronic device that used for generally mobile communication, SMS for text messaging, email accessing and radio hearing etc.

 

2    What is a Smart phone? 

Answer: A smart phone is a portable device that combines mobile telephone and computing functions in one unit.

 

    What is the differences between mobile phone and smart phone? 

Answer: Mobile phone offer texting and calling functionality whereas Smart phone offer a list of features including email, Internet access, video chatting, gaming, app downloading, video talking music storage etc.

 

3    What is web cam?

Answer: A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer. It main function is to transmit picture over the internet.

 

     What is digital camera?

Answer: Digital camera is a hardware device that take photograph and store the image as data on a memory card.

 

3    What is microphone?

Answer: Microphone is a hardware device that translate sound vibration in the air into electronic signal or scribes them to a recording medium.

 

         What is the definition of CPU?

Answer: The central processing unit (CPU) is the principal part of any computer system, is generally composed of the control unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and, registers. It forms the physical heart of the entire computer system. The CPU is called the processor.

 

3     What is the full meaning of "CPU" and "ALU"?

Answer: Central Processing Unit (CPU) and, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

 

3    What is the primary component of a computer?

Answer:

a)    Central processing unit (CPU).

b)    Types of Memory.

c)    The hard disk.

d)    Input and output devices.

SPSS Tutorials: definition, uses, SPSS steps and interpretation of independent sample t-test.

         SPSS Tutorials: definition, uses, SPSS steps and interpretation of independent sample t-test.

                                                                            Md. Sharif Hossain 

What is Independent sample t-test

    The Independent-Samples t Test approach automates the estimation of the t test effect size while comparing the means for two groups of cases. In order to ensure that any differences in reaction are caused by the treatment (or lack of treatment) and not by other factors, the subjects for this test should ideally be randomly assigned to two groups. If you compare the average wage for men and women, this is not the case. The gender of a person is not chosen at random.

 When we use independent sample t-test 

The following are frequently put to the test using the independent samples t test:

• Statistical variations between two groups' means
• Comparison of the means of two interventions, with statistics
• Differences in two change scores' means based on statistics
•  

        It should be noted that the Independent Samples t Test can only compare the means of two groups. Comparisons between more than two groups are impossible. You should probably perform an ANOVA if you want to compare the means of more than two groups.

 

 

what Steps need to calculate Independent sample t-test by using IBM SPSS :

 

1.     From the menus choose:

Analyze > Group comparison - parametric > Independent-samples t test

2.     Click Select variables under the Dependent variables section and select one or more quantitative dependent variables. A separate t test is computed for each variable. Click OK after selecting the variables.

3.     Click Select variable under the Group variable section and select a single grouping variable. The variable can be numeric or string. Click OK after selecting the variable.

4.     Optionally, click the link next to the group variable to specify values for the groups that you want to compare, or to specify a cut point value. For more information, see Independent-samples t test: Define groups.

5.     Optionally, you can select the following options from the Additional settings menu:

o   Click Statistics to select which statistics to include in the analysis.

o   Click Options to set the confidence interval level and control the treatment of missing data.

o   Click Bootstrap for deriving robust estimates of standard errors and confidence intervals for estimates such as the mean, median, proportion, odds ratio, correlation coefficient or regression coefficient.

 

The variable(s) under consideration This is the continuous variable whose meaning will be compared between the two groups. You may run multiple t tests simultaneously by selecting more than one test variable.

 Grouping Variable:  The independent variable is grouped as such. The categories (or groups) of the independent variable will define which samples will be compared in the t test. The grouping variable must have at least two categories (groups); it may have more than two categories, but a category can only compare two groups, so you will need to specify which two groups to compare. You can also use a continuous variable by specifying a cut point to create two groups (i.e., values at or above the cut point and values below the cut point).

 Define Groups: Click Define Groups to define the category indicators (groups) to use in the t test. If the button is not active, make sure that you have already moved your independent variable to the right in the Grouping Variable field. You must define the categories of your grouping variable before you can run the Independent Samples t Test procedure.

 Options: The Options section is where you can set your desired confidence level for the confidence interval for the mean difference and specify how SPSS should handle missing values.

When finished, click OK to run the Independent Samples t Test, or click Paste to have the syntax corresponding to your specified settings written to an open syntax window. (If you do not have a syntax window open, a new window will open for you.)

 

 How to interpret the independent sample t-test 

OUTPUT

Tables

Two sections (boxes) appear in the output: Group Statistics and Independent Samples Test. The first section, Group Statistics, provides basic information about the group comparisons, including the sample size (n), mean, standard deviation, and standard error for mile times by group. In this example, there are 166 athletes and 226 non-athletes. The mean mile time for athletes is 6 minutes 51 seconds, and the mean mile time for non-athletes is 9 minutes 6 seconds.

The second section, Independent Samples Test, displays the results most relevant to the Independent Samples t Test. There are two parts that provide different pieces of information: (A) Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances and (B) t-test for Equality of Means.

A Levene's Test for Equality of of Variances: This section has the test results for Levene's Test. From left to right:

• F is the test statistic of Levene's test
• Sig. is the p-value corresponding to this test statistic.

The p-value of Levene's test is printed as ".000" (but should be read as p < 0.001 -- i.e., p very small), so we we reject the null of Levene's test and conclude that the variance in mile time of athletes is significantly different than that of non-athletes. This tells us that we should look at the "Equal variances not assumed" row for the t test (and corresponding confidence interval) results. (If this test result had not been significant -- that is, if we had observed p > α -- then we would have used the "Equal variances assumed" output.)

B t-test for Equality of Means provides the results for the actual Independent Samples t Test. From left to right:

• t is the computed test statistic, using the formula for the equal-variances-assumed test statistic (first row of table) or the formula for the equal-variances-not-assumed test statistic (second row of table)
• df is the degrees of freedom, using the equal-variances-assumed degrees of freedom formula (first row of table) or the equal-variances-not-assumed degrees of freedom formula (second row of table)
• Sig (2-tailed) is the p-value corresponding to the given test statistic and degrees of freedom
• Mean Difference is the difference between the sample means, i.e. x₁ − x₂; it also corresponds to the numerator of the test statistic for that test
• Std. Error Difference is the standard error of the mean difference estimate; it also corresponds to the denominator of the test statistic for that test

Note that the mean difference is calculated by subtracting the mean of the second group from the mean of the first group. In this example, the mean mile time for athletes was subtracted from the mean mile time for non-athletes (9:06 minus 6:51 = 02:14). The sign of the mean difference corresponds to the sign of the t value. The positive t value in this example indicates that the mean mile time for the first group, non-athletes, is significantly greater than the mean for the second group, athletes.

The associated p value is printed as ".000"; double-clicking on the p-value will reveal the un-rounded number. SPSS rounds p-values to three decimal places, so any p-value too small to round up to .001 will print as .000. (In this particular example, the p-values are on the order of 10^-40.)

C Confidence Interval of the Difference: This part of the t-test output complements the significance test results. Typically, if the CI for the mean difference contains 0 within the interval -- i.e., if the lower boundary of the CI is a negative number and the upper boundary of the CI is a positive number -- the results are not significant at the chosen significance level. In this example, the 95% CI is [01:57, 02:32], which does not contain zero; this agrees with the small p-value of the significance test.

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DECISION AND CONCLUSIONS

Since p < .001 is less than our chosen significance level α = 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis, and conclude that the that the mean mile time for athletes and non-athletes is significantly different.

Based on the results, we can state the following:

• There was a significant difference in mean mile time between non-athletes and athletes (t_315.846 = 15.047, p < .001).
• The average mile time for athletes was 2 minutes and 14 seconds lower than the average mile time for non-athletes.

For more Details you could visit the youtube Channel.